Why does a higher interest rate appreciate the domestic currency?

ហេតុអ្វីបានជាអត្រាការប្រាក់ខ្ពស់អាចធ្វើឱ្យតម្លៃរូបិយប័ណ្ណក្នុងស្រុកឡើងថ្លៃដែរ?

បើនិយាយឱ្យសាមញ្ញទៅ អត្រាការប្រាក់ខ្ពស់អាចធ្វើឱ្យតម្លៃរូបិយប័ណ្ណក្នុងស្រុករបស់ពួកគេកាន់តែមានភាពទាក់ទាញសម្រាប់ទាំងវិនិយោគិនក្នុងស្រុក និងជនបរទេស។ ប៉ុន្តែហេតុអ្វីបានជាដូច្នេះ?

មិនថាតែនៅក្នុងសហរដ្្ឋអាមេរិកដែលប្រាក់ដុល្លារអាមេរិកឡើងថ្លៃ ដោយសារតែការកើនឡើងនៃអត្រាការប្រាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះទេ សូម្បីតែធនាគារកណ្តាលផ្សេងៗទៀតក៏អាចទទួលរងនូវឥទ្ធិពលនេះដូចគ្នា។ កត្តាចម្បងនោះគឺទៅលើតម្រូវការរូបិយប័ណ្ណក្នុងស្រុក ដូចជាប្រាក់ដុល្លារអាមេរិក។ ដូចគ្នានឹងតម្រូវការទៅលើផលិតផល ប្រសិនបើមានតម្រូវការកាន់តែច្រើននោះតម្លៃរបស់វាកាន់តែថ្លៃជាងមុន ហើយនេះក៏ដូចគ្នាទៅនឹងតម្លៃរូបិយប័ណ្ណនោះដែរ។ នេះដោយសារតែវិនិយោគិនតែងតែស្វែងរកប្រាក់ចំណេញខ្ពស់លើការវិនិយោគរបស់ពួកគេ។ នៅពេលដែលធនាគារកណ្តាលដំឡើងអត្រាការប្រាក់ ជាធម្មតាវាបង្កើនទិន្នផលលើសញ្ញាប័ណ្ណដែលចេញដោយប្រទេសនោះកាន់តែខ្ពស់។

ប៉ុន្តែហេតុអ្វីបានជាតម្រូវការកើនឡើង? តើនេះមាន​ន័យ​ថាដូចម្តេច?

កត្តាដូចជាភាពរឹងមាំនៃស្ថានភាពសេដ្ឋកិច្ច តម្រូវការមានច្រើនលើសកម្រិត ព្រមទាំងកត្តាផ្សេងៗទៀតអាចធ្វើឱ្យធនាគារកណ្តាលរឹតបន្តឹងលើគោលនយោបាយរូបិយវត្ថុ ទាំងនេះសុទ្ធតែជះឥទ្ធិពលលើទិន្នផលប័ណ្ណបំណុល។ 

អត្រាការប្រាក់ខ្ពស់ធ្វើឱ្យមូលបត្របំណុលក្នុងស្រុកកាន់តែមានភាពទាក់ទាញសម្រាប់អ្នកវិនិយោគក្នុងស្រុក និងបរទេស។ ដូច្នេះដើម្បីទិញមូលបត្របំណុលទាំងនេះ វិនិយោគិនត្រូវផ្លាស់ប្តូររូបិយប័ណ្ណក្នុងស្រុករបស់ពួកគេទៅរករូបិយប័ណ្ណដែលពួកគេចង់ទិញមូលបត្រនោះ។ នេះបានធ្វើឱ្យតម្រូវការកើនឡើង និងអាចជំរុញតម្លៃរូបិយប័ណ្ណគោលដៅកាន់តែថ្លៃជាងមុន។ 

ប៉ុន្តែសូមចងចាំថា តម្រូវការរូបិយប័ណ្ណក្នុងស្រុកខ្ពស់ក៏អាចបណ្តាលមកពីការជួញដូរ (Carry Trade) ឬលំហូរចូលមូលធនពីបរទេស ឬកត្តាផ្សេងទៀតផងដែរ។

ប៉ុន្តែ​សំណួរ​មួយទៀត​កើតឡើង៖ ប្រសិនបើ​តម្រូវការ​មូលបត្របំណុល​កើនឡើង​នោះ ហេតុអ្វី​បានជា​តម្លៃ​មូលបត្របំណុល​មិន​កើនឡើង​ដែរ​? ហេតុអ្វីបានជាទិន្នផលមូលបត្របំណុលកើនឡើង? 

ទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងតម្រូវការ និងទីផ្សារមូលបត្របំណុលមានដំណើរការខុសពីទំនិញ និងសេវាកម្មផ្សេងទៀត។ នៅពេលដែលអត្រាការប្រាក់កើនឡើង មូលបត្របំណុលដែលទើបចេញថ្មី(New Bond) នឹងផ្តល់ទិន្នផលខ្ពស់ ធ្វើឱ្យមូលបត្របំណុលដែលមានស្រាប់ (Existing Bond) ដែលមានទិន្នផលទាបមិនសូវទាក់ទាញទៅវិនិយោគិន។ ជាលទ្ធផល វិនិយោគិនអាចនឹងលក់មូលបត្របំណុលដែលមានស្រាប់របស់ពួកគេដោយការបញ្ចុះតម្លៃ ដើម្បីស្វែងរកឱកាសវិនិយោគដ៏ទាក់ទាញបន្ថែមទៀត។ នេះបានធ្វើឱ្យតម្លៃមូលបត្របំណុលធ្លាក់ចុះ។  

សរុបមក អត្រាការប្រាក់ខ្ពស់អាចពង្រឹងរូបិយប័ណ្ណឡើងថ្លៃ ដោយធ្វើឱ្យមូលបត្របំណុលរបស់វាកាន់តែទាក់ទាញដល់វិនិយោគិន។ ការកើនឡើងនៃតម្រូវការរូបិយប័ណ្ណនេះអាចនាំឱ្យតម្លៃរបស់វាមានការឡើងថ្លៃ។ ទោះជាយ៉ាងណាក៏ដោយ វាជារឿងសំខាន់ក្នុងការយល់ដឹងពីទំនាក់ទំនងបញ្ច្រាសរវាងតម្លៃមូលបត្របំណុល និងទិន្នផល។

|English Version|

As simple as it sounds, a higher interest rate could potentially make their domestic currency more attractive to both locals and foreigners. But the question starts: why exactly does that appreciate? 

Just like higher interest rates coming from the Federal Reserve that make their US dollars more expensive, this also applies to other central banks and economies. One main factor falls onto the demand for the domestic currency, such as the US dollar itself. Just as demand for one product becomes more expensive to purchase, currencies also work the same way. This is because investors often seek higher returns on their investments. When a central bank raises interest rates, it typically increases the yield on bonds issued by that country.

But why does demand increase? What do I mean by that?

Factors such as a healthy economy, overloaded consumption, and other factors that push the central bank to tighten monetary policy have affected the bond market—”bond yield.” 

Higher interest rates make domestic bonds more attractive to both domestic and foreign investors. So to purchase these bonds, investors need to exchange their domestic currency for the target currency, which leads to increased demand and can drive up the value of the target currency. 

But please be mindful that higher domestic currency demand could also result from carry trade (Japan to US) or foreign capital inflow or any other factors as well.

But another question arises: if demand for bonds is higher, then why don’t the bond prices increase, too? Why does only the bond yield increase? 

The relationship between demand and the bond market works differently from other goods and services. When interest rates rise, newly issued bonds offer higher yields, making existing bonds with lower yields less attractive. As a result, investors may be willing to sell their existing bonds at a discount to find more attractive investment opportunities. That lowers the bond prices.  

In summary, a higher interest rate can strengthen a currency by making its bonds more attractive to investors. This increased demand for the currency can lead to appreciation. However, it’s important to understand the inverse relationship between bond prices and yields.

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