Understanding the Forex Ecosystem: Liquidity, Volatility, and Market Participants

សន្ទនីយភាព ឬសាច់ប្រាក់ងាយស្រួល(Liquidity) និងការមានបម្រែបម្រួលខ្ពស់ក្នុងទីផ្សារ​ (Volatility)

នៅក្នុងទីផ្សាររូបិយប័ណ្ណអន្តរជាតិ (Forex) ការមានសន្ទនីយភាព ឬសាច់ប្រាក់ងាយស្រួល(Liquidity) ខ្ពស់មានន័យថា អ្នកអាចផ្លាស់ប្តូរថវិការបស់លោកអ្នកបានយ៉ាងងាយស្រួលភ្លាមៗ។ នេះគឺបណ្តាលមកពីចំនួនអ្នកទិញ ឬអ្នកលក់នៅក្នុងទីផ្សារមានចំនួនច្រើន ហើយអាចអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យអ្នកចូល និងចេញពីផ្សារបានយ៉ាងឆាប់រហ័សក្នុងតម្លៃដែលអ្នកឃើញនៅលើអេក្រង់។ 

ទន្ទឹមនឹងនេះ បម្រែបម្រួលខ្ពស់ក្នុងទីផ្សារអាចឱ្យតម្លៃមានការផ្លាស់ប្តូរកាន់តែខ្ពស់។ នេះអាចឱ្យអ្នកទទួលបានប្រាក់ចំណេញកាន់តែច្រើន ឬការខាតបង់កាន់តែធំដូចគ្នា។ 

  • សាច់ប្រាក់ងាយស្រួលខ្ពស់ = អ្នកទិញ និងអ្នកលក់ច្រើន -> បម្រែបម្រួលតម្លៃអាចនឹងមានទិសដៅ Sideway។ 
  • បម្រែបម្រួលក្នុងទីផ្សារខ្ពស់ = អ្នកទិញច្រើនជាងអ្នកលក់ ឬផ្ទុយមកវិញ -> ទុកតម្លៃឱ្យឡើងចុះលឿនជាងមុន ដែលអាចបំបែកតំបន់ Support ឬResistance។

អ្នកចូលរួមក្នុងទីផ្សារ៖

វិនិយោគិនស្ថាប័ន (អ្នកធំ)៖ រួមមាន ក្រុមហ៊ុនមូលនិធិការពារហានិភ័យ (Hedge Funds) ធនាគារវិនិយោគ និងធនាគារកណ្តាល។ ពួកគេធ្វើពាណិជ្ជកម្មក្នុងបរិមាណដ៏ធំ ហើយអាចប៉ះពាល់យ៉ាងខ្លាំងដល់បម្រែបម្រួលតម្លៃរូបិយប័ណ្ណ។

ឈ្មួញកណ្តាល (a.k.a middleman)៖ ជាឈ្នួញជើងសារកណ្តាលរវាងអ្នកទិញ និងអ្នកលក់ដូចជាក្រុមហ៊ុន អេសធី ម៉ាឃីត។ ពួកគេអាចនឹងផ្តល់អត្ថប្រយោជន៍ជូនទៅដល់អ្នកជួញដូរដូចជា របាយការណ៍ស្រាវជ្រាវ ឧបករណ៍វិភាគ ព្រមទាំងប្រឹក្សាយោបល់ពីអ្នកជំនាញ។ 

ធនាគារ៖ ធ្វើការផ្លាស់ប្តូរទៅលើគូរូបិយប័ណ្ណ ព្រមទាំងធ្វើជួញដូរជាមួយនឹងពាណិជ្ជកម្មអន្តរជាតិ។ 

វិនិយោគិនខ្នាតតូច៖ ពាណិជ្ជករដែលជួញដូរដើមទុនខ្នាតតូចមានភាគរយច្រើនអាចនឹងទទួលរងនូវផលប៉ះពាល់ពីទីផ្សារ។ 

*** សរុបមក សន្ទនីយភាព ឬសាច់ប្រាក់ងាយស្រួលកាន់តែខ្ពស់ ហានិភ័យចំពោះអ្នកជួញដូរក៏កាន់តែខ្ពស់ដូចគ្នា ស្របពេលដែលហានិភ័យរបស់វិនិយោគិនស្ថាប័នអាចនឹងមានកម្រិត។


(English Version)

Liquidity and Volatility

In the Forex market, having high liquidity means you can easily exchange your money quickly as the market is filled with many buyers and sellers. This allows you to quickly enter and exit positions at the price you see on the screen. 

Meanwhile, high volatility in the market makes the price fluctuate even more or swing rapidly. This can either lead to a bigger profit or a bigger losses. 

  • High liquidity = A lot of buyers and sellers -> Price movement normally tends to sideway. 
  • High Volatilities = a lot of buyers than sellers or vice versa -> Leaving prices to more rapidly up and down which can break the support or resistance. 

Different Players/ Market Maker: 

  1. Institutional investors (a.k.a. Big guys) include hedge funds, investment banks, and central banks. They trade in massive volumes and can significantly impact currency movements.
  2. Broker (a.k.a middleman) connects buyers and sellers for a commission such as STMarket itself. They benefit traders by offering research, analysis tools, and advice to support their client’s trading journey. 
  3. Banks: enabling currency exchange and transactions with international trade. 
  4. Retail Investors: an individual trader such as yourself who trades in a small capital tends to be affected the most by the market maker. 

***Overall, the higher liquidity, a higher risk for retail investors while institutional investors tend to have a lower risk.

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